The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.